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Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and varicose veins are conditions that occur when the venous wall and/or one-way valves in the leg veins are not working effectively, making it difficult for blood to return to the heart. Instead of traveling towards the heart, the blood becomes trapped and begins to pool in the leg veins, ultimately causing the vein to swell. The veins often grow painful and cause the skin surrounding the veins to bulge, creating bumps, swelling and discoloration on the skin (stasis).

Support stockings and lifestyle changes are often not enough to treat severe cases of varicose veins. If left untreated, varicose veins can increase your risk for other venous diseases. In many situations, varicose veins worsen overtime.

Treatment options for varicose veins include:

VEIN STRIPPING and LIGATION - involves tying shut and removing the greater saphenous vein and/or lesser saphenous vein through small incisions in your skin.

STAB PHLEBECTOMY (MICROPHLEBECTOMY) - a small hook is used to remove varicose veins through a series of minor incisions directly over the damaged veins.

SCLEROTHERAPY - a specialized solution is injected into the varicose vein. This liquid irritates the lining of the vein and causes it to swell shut, eventually causing it to shrivel as blood travels around the problem vein.

SUBFASCIAL ENDOSCOPIC PERFORATOR SURGERY (SEPS) - minimally invasive surgical technique used to treat chronic venous ulcers caused by perforating veins that may have been damaged due to deep vein thrombosis or chronic venous insufficiency.